Google is moving ahead with plans to test AI data centers in orbit, with SpaceX emerging as a potential launch partner for the company’s recently announced Project Suncatcher program.
The project would place Google’s Tensor Processing Units, or TPUs, on solar-powered satellites linked by optical communications, creating what the company describes as a path toward machine-learning compute in space.
Google has said the concept could one day help meet rising demand for AI computing without the same land, power and cooling constraints faced by data centers on Earth.
Google has been discussing launch support with SpaceX and other partners, according to The Wall Street Journal. The discussions center on Google’s plan to launch test hardware for orbital data centers under Project Suncatcher.
Google announced Project Suncatcher in November 2025 as a research effort to explore whether large-scale machine-learning systems could operate in orbit.
The company said the next step is a learning mission with Planet, a San Francisco-based satellite company, that would launch two prototype satellites by early 2027.
Google has not identified which SpaceX rocket would launch the Project Suncatcher prototypes, though a Falcon 9 mission would be the most likely option for two small test satellites.
The project remains experimental, but it comes as AI companies look for new ways to handle the enormous power requirements of advanced computing.
Space-based data centers could use near-continuous solar power in orbit, although the concept faces technical and economic challenges, including launch cost, radiation exposure, thermal control and high-speed data movement between satellites and Earth.
SpaceX’s potential role appears to center on launch services, not operation of the Google system.
Project Suncatcher will begin with prototype satellites and hardware testing, rather than a full orbital data center network.
The effort also places SpaceX near the center of a wider race to build the next layer of AI infrastructure. Anthropic recently committed to using SpaceX’s Colossus 1 data center in Tennessee and expressed interest in future work on space-based computing infrastructure.
In the past year, Jeff Bezos and Amazon have discussed the potential for orbiting data centers, as has SpaceX founder Elon Musk.